Shock absorber



March `3, 1931- w. VAN GULLDERA SHOCK ABSORBER Filed Jan. 1e, 1928 2:sheets-shewA 1 y ma' March '3, 1931. w. VAN "GUILDER '1,794,475

SHOCK ABSORBER Filed Jan. 16, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Mar. 3,1931 unirse sTAresrArENT oFFi-ci;

WALTER vVAN GUILDERQQFCHICAGO, iLLiNorsessiGNoR To sTrnviirvi! WAnuriacon: Y PoRATIomor cnicnedintmois, A CORPORATION or VIRGINIA SHOCKABSOYRBER y Application fiieeiaiiiiai-y 16, 192s. serial No. 247,042. i

rl`he purposevofthisinvention is to provide n an improved constructionof the rgeneral character of a shock absorber or rebound` the vehicleequipped with a device embodycheck` 'for springvehic-les oiE the type,coin- 'monly .termed hydraulic y1n which the relativeV movement of thespring-supported vehiclebody and vtheV chassis or Wheel-supportediraine'operates 'for forcing a liquidy y'trom one chamber into anotherand is Checked 1o by the restricted character of .the communicationbetween the tivo chambers,.th`e present invention Abeing directed toutilizing the pressure of aliguid dueto the restricted character of thecommunication for 'producing' friction between the 'cooperating' partstosupplement the retardmen't due directly to the restricted y characterof thecommunic'ation between 'the y two chambers. AIt consists intheelements and (features of constructionshown.and de-V 'scribedV asindicated inthe claims.

In the drawings A Y Figure l is a diagrammatic View inthe nature of aside elevation of the 4portions of a Vehicle connected'by a shockabsorbing device 'embodying this invention, the Llatter being shown yinside elevation. y i Figure 2de a ysection at the line 2-2 on Figure '1,lbeingatrthe pivotal axis ofitwo parts Which deriverelative angular`1novevehicle body.

Figure?) is' a section atthc line "3-3 Von 1 Figure 2. I Il: .Y

Figure 4 is a detail section upoiranen- Figure 8. i

Figurev 11 is ase'ction theliiie 1li-ll v Figure 9.

ment in tliefdescentfand rebound'. of the.

y vFigure 13 is Va section at the line A,13T-13 on FigurelQ.

` Inrthe drawings, A represents an axle of ing this invention.Biepresents a side bar of the vehicle frame structure which is care riedAupon the'aXle by the v ehicle springs, one of Whichis indicated at C. Drepresents in totality an element ofthe construction which vembodies theinvention y herein claimed, v,comprising a casing inA Which there ispivoted oneend of aleveiymember, Ffthe other end of which ispivotallyconnected With the axle is vby an upstanding link, F1,'the pivotalmovementof thelever member, F, in .the casing', occurring as will bereadily under- ,Stood in the upand-down ymovement with respectvtotheaxle of the vehicle frame member, A, on Which the easing, D, is mountedby bolts through lugs, d, 0l, of the casing. The

" construction and detail oi' this easing and its associate elements`will now bedescribed. 'The casing comprises a cup-formed mem- ,.ber50,and a coverv or closure member, 6U.

Thefcover member, 160, has a centrally pro'- Jecting boss, a, Whichconstitutes a Journal `bearing -for the stem, of a rotor, 70, which.isenclosed inthe casing, said rotor beingl in cup form comprising adisk, 7l, Whichseats flat againstthe inner face of vthe cover meinber,60, a stem, 70, constitutes rthe pivot oit the -lever,.jF,jand Whicih-isy journalled, as stated, in fthe'journal bearing, 60a, of the coverymember, and a .peripheral flange, 70,

Whiclicompletes the cup torni of the rotor,

said iiange vbeing diineiisioiicd. .for fitting snugly in the casingiiicmhci, 50, when the .cover-member, (50,-is applied thereto; ihzit risto say,l the disk, 71, seating upon tli-einiicr sidefoi'the cover `withthe edge of the Harige, 70",seated uponithe bottom web, 50a, ci' tliccasing. y.T he casing meinber,o0, hasprojectin gfgfroniits bottom `,vebWithin the cavity Yof the C upshapedrotor, a boss, 50C, Whicliis -ingeneral in the form of acylindrical seg- A,ment having its outercurvilinear surface convexabout the )airis of the rotor flange, 7Gb, andseatingr upoiiftheinner concave surtace` of said flange. The rotor has arigid rib or blade, 72, extending from its disk, Tl,

radial with respect-to the flange, 70, and comprisingi` at the centeroi' the cup torni of the rotor a portion 7 2 which is substantially kinthe forni of a continuation of the stein,

be seen that this rotor cavity is itself parti! tioned bv tlie'radielrib or blade, 72, in view 'ot the seating;l of what may be called 4thehub Y or center portion 72 oi this blade, on theV inner side'oi theboss, 50", ol the casiiigij,r which boss intrxuling` into the rotorcavity reduccs'the capacity of said cavity to a certain extent'. Uponconsidering` this construc-V tion further ity will be 'seen that if boththe chambers, m and 50, of the rotor cavityV which are partitioned asdescribed by the rib or blade, 72,*are filled with liquid, the

oscillation of the rotorin the casing would be impossible Withoutprovision Jfor shitting 1 the liquid from one of the'tivo chambers intothe other, according tothe direction of the oscillatory movement; Vandthat ii provision is made :tor vsuch shifting ot the liquid, the

pressure necessary to be applied Jfor oscillating the rotor will dependupon the freedom of flow oi'f the liquid from one chamber to theY other;and that the liquid pressure developed by force applied to oscillatc therotor Will operate for stressingr the disk, 7l, ofthe Yrotor againsttlicinner face of the. cover member,V 00, and that such action will be ducto the; tact that the rotor cavity is open towardtlie opposite Wall, 50,of the casing. Consideration ot these :haractei'istics which will makeevident the tion will now be described;

To provide for liquid l'lo'w between the two chambers ot the rotor whichare partitioned troni each other by Vthe rib, 72, and at the same timeto make it possible' to regulate the ldow capacity of suoli.communication, ducts, 20, 20, are formed extending in radially ifi-oniopposite sides of the rib, 72, in the central hub, y72, and bushinghereinafter niention'ed at points separated a short distance along' theaxis, and the stein, 70", is axially bored seenv at 7 0*, andprovidedivitha drive-i'itted bushing, 70S, having lesser bore, and ccunteiboredas seen at 70d,- formarvalve seat, 708, intermediatetheports z Y of theduct-s, 20a, 20a, and tlireadedas seen at 70f for' receiving the valvemember, 70g,v which consist-s of a stem threaded as seenuat 70, forengaging said threadot the bushing and re-4 duced beyond the threadjandterminating tapered, eonstituting a needle s seen at 701l for seating inthe scat, 70E, and adjustable to graduate the access of liquid throughthe duc-ts, 20, 20, for restricting more or less the liow between thetwo piston chambers, or clos-:ing the passage entirely whenY desired.

Also as a. matter of convenience of construe- Vtion and assembly, theradial rib, 72, is desirably formed comprising a separate piece anddrive-fitted into grooves, 70e vand 70D, formed respectively in theflange, 70', and in What is hereinabove referred to as the hub, 72a.

"-Formaintaining the partitioned chambers of therotor full of liquid, asis necessary in order to'ensure the action in accordance with therestriction of the floivthrough the passages, 20, the cavity of thecasing exceeds ythe cavity of the rotor to the extent ot' thecrescent-shaped portion Voutside the rotor VwhichV it will benoticed'fis journalled eccenf trically with respect to the outline ofthe casing; and iir order that the liquid supply which may be maintainedin this excess cavity may be automaticallyy furnished to the-clianibersfof the rotor to supply any defi-`V ciency therein due eitherto changes in teinperature orv minorleakages, ducts, 90, 9,0, are

orniedin the bottom Web, 50, of the casing, leadingtromsaid excesscavity and opening from bottoinweb in the rotor chambers, respectively,as seen at and in each of said ductsthere is providedV a check valve,90C, opening for flow toward the rotor chamber and seating againstreverse flow. The Operation of this feature of the construction it Will`be understood is that Whenever there is deficiency ot liquid inthe'rotor chambers, the oscillatory movement of tlie'rotor for torcing theliquid vfrom one Vof itsv chambers into the other will. initially reducethe chamber `from which the liquid is to be thus forced so Lthat it willbe completely filled with liquid, f although theY latter is deficientfor completely 10mm *m the (lclul Commmniliirgr both chambers; andaccordingly there will `tend to result a partial vacuum in the otherchamber, which ivill be 'prevented bythe Yiioiv ofthe liquid from theexcess Cavity 'of the casingpast the Vcheck valve which opens in the,direction for such flow' aiidthus atY every strokel ot the rotor, anydeliciency oi liquid inthe rotor chambers for completelyA f movement ofthe iotor'ivould tend `to draw the liquid` tromit into the rotor,chamber; and this is provided for-by an atmosphere ventslioivnat 50",'vhichis controlled by a check valve, 50W, 'opening inwardly andpreventing outlioiv of the liquid from the excess cavity.

Theconstruction shownin lFigures 7 to l1 differs from that' shown in theearlier figures above described 4primarily 'and chiefly .in that the`elementcooperatingl with. the hub of the rotor whose rib or bladeoperates piston-'wise between the twochambers' is formed frigid Theconstruction of Figures? to 11 vwillnow be gdescribed in detail. Itcomprises a body memberyA, and a cover member, B, the body- I memberbeing Lin cuplformhaving'a flat bot-- `toin web, A1, a flange wall,A2,'and havingan axially extending boss, A, projectingA from the outerside of the web, A1, to afford journal Y bearing for thestem,C1, of therotor, C. The cover member, B, isa'flatrdisk fitted for closing the openside'of the cup-form of the body member, yA, andadaptedto be securedthereto, as indicated,fby` screws, a, with interposed packing indicatedat a1.' The rotor, C, is a vl`cylindrical cup-shaped 'element having anY 'axially protrudingstem, G1, which is jour- V*naled'in the axiallyprtrudingboss, A10, of *the casingbody member, vA. `Thisrotor cup isdimensioned axially for spanningthe axial v space between the bottomweb, A1, of'the body member and theinner-'surface of the cover member,B, the bottomv web of said rotor cupA being seated on said web'of thebody'mem'ber and the edge vof the cylindrical flangeseating v"on theinner surface of -the cover member.-

From'the inner surface of said cover member Y aii'arcuate boss,'B1,projects within the cyliii- -V I drical flange of the rotor, saidboss'having its convex surface curved about the rotor axisV with aradiusequal tothe inner radius of the rotor flange, 'so that the convexsurface of the rib,-7J1-, at the middle part, the entire-height'of asvto 'fitliquidtightbetween the bottemv web of the rotor and theoppositeweb' of thebody,

, the rotor partitioningthecavi'tyofl-the rotorv the bossv at'th'elocationof the rib being such thus limiting the frictioning surface tothe area 'of' the upraise. This boss. B1,- extended' towardf the centerof the rotor cup, and the hub, C2, of the retorseatsjliquid- Atight at'the inner sidefof said arcuate boss, they vrotorhaving a radialrib orblade, C3, extending fromthe vhub tothe cylindrical flange Aof into Y twchambersgwhich arey alternately increased and redufcyed'by theoscillationv ofthe rotorcarrying 'saidr'adi'al ribalternately in i Y onedireetionor the othertow ard theinwardly c3, 03, bored radially of thehub, G2, intersecting an axial bore, '01, in the rotor Avste-1n, saidaxial bore, c1, being `"counter-'boredto form a valve" seat, '011,intermediate in' the lengthv of .-th'e'stem between the ducts, o3, 03,and a valve,

`Dyliaving itsstem,` D1, provided with a threaded boss screwed into thecounterbore which is' interiorly threaded for receiving it to -seat thevalve headon ksaid valvefseat,"cf11,

chamber tothe other. The casing cavity exceeds the .dimensions oftherotor affording outside the rotorand .partitioned from the cavityzof thelatter by its flange, archamber, for containing re- .serve liquid tosupply any deficiency of liquid for `filling both the chambersofthe'rotoi ageor contraction of the liquid by reason of change oftemperature or other cause; and

`foi"rendering` the surpluscontained in the reservoir available forthispurpose,-ducts, c1", a2", are formed in the covermember both'open fromthe reserve chamber', to theI rotoivcavityand seating against reverseliow. In order to permit the iiow of the liquid from the reservec`hainbei1,ito the rotor cliambers,'rev-V spectively, under thecircumstances indicated, the reserve chamber is provided'withaiiatmosphere vent indicated at a5, "which is-c'ontrolled byl a checkvalve, a, opening inwardly thereof and "s'eatingfto vpreventjdiscl'iargeofV`V liquid fromvtlie reserve chamber.

`Vwhich may arise by reason of any minor leale;1

The operation of this formwill be uiidei'- arcuate boss fitsvliquid-ti'glit Within 'the cir-estol milking vS'bSt'a'tlluy 1th@551111955 that lindrical flange ofthe'rotor, andthe b oss formed with arelatively'narrowuprai'se of,`

offtlie form showiiiin the earlier figures, that is to say,tlierotorstem being-connectedforvg,

oscillationof the rotorvbyhthe up and down movement of t'hefveliic'le,which movement is checked/by the resistance tothe ,flow of Vthe liquidfromonc rotor chamber totheother through therestrictedf"communicationbei `..tweeiifsaid` chambers as described.

In y both-the formsillustrated, the stemA of the rotor whichrforms thepivot of the lever,

n, on the stein andA inthe wall of the apertureY in the lever at whichit is applied tothe stemyand the end'ofthe `stemout-'side saidserrations is reduced and threaded' as seen at .v

l aknurled operating handle,- T, as'seenin the ceries'pen'ding.figuresofthe'A drawings.- i

F,in the casing, lis arrangedto'engagesaid ,Y 'stem securely byco-operating serrations,-m

-am fing at one end inthe chamber, "and at `the kothereiid inthe cavityof the roter at opposite sides'of the range of movement o'fitherib orblade, C3; and in each of said ducts'there provided a check valve, al1,opening forflow face of' one of, saidicasing members and hav- I claim cY l. A device for the purpose indicated-,comprising in combinationAatwo-niembered csing,-one member having a cavity open at one side ofsaid member, the other member being adapted to be applied to the firstmeinberandL close the cavity thereof', one of said members' vhavin-'g lajournal bearing for' a rotor; a rotorf having a stemfjournalled in saidbearing and exteriorly accessible'for, actuation, said rotor,-

comprising a disk seating onrthe inner sui'- ing a cylindrical flangeseating on the inner surface of the other casing member ;V wherebyitpartitions the rotor cavityfrom the remainder of the casing cavity;the casing comprising apart. having a Vseating area at the inner Ifacedpart of the casing; whereby said rib y partitions tlierotorcavityinto two chambers,

the structure having a restricted flow between said tfwo chambers.

2. In the construction defined in claim 1, the flow passage between therotor chambers passage i being located for traversing the zone of' thefrom oppositesides of the rib radially withl A.rotor stemyand a valveextending through 'said stem for controlling said passage.

8. In the construction defined in claim l1 the flow passage comprisingVducts leading respectv to'the rotor stein, said stem having an axialduct to which both said radial ducts lead and having a valve seatintermediate the opening of the 4radial ducts,Y and a valve conatrolling the port'throughfsaid seat and hav- 1 ing itsstem extending outthrough the rotorglrmting Walls of thchvo cavities which me partitionedby the rotor which inthe opery -tivcen `the tworot'or chambers.

stemforvextcrior; manualoperation ofthe valve forregulating the freedomof flow be- 4. In the construction defined in claim l,

Ithe casingpart which extends within the rovrtor cavity havingnon-communicating recesses at the inner side open 4toward the twochambers respectively into lwhich 'the rotor cavity is partitioned byYsaid rib, whereby the action for forcing the liquid content from onechamber to the otherof the rotor in the oscil-` Space. to.. the twopartitioned Portionsljof the lation of the latter is cushioned-byV theair "trapped in lsaid recesses.

' 5. In the construction defined in claiml,

' the casing wallat the open side of the rotor having ducts leadingfordischarge respec-` of liquid in the rotor cavity for maintaining saidchambers filled in the oscillation ofthe rotor is supplied from thecasing cavity in excess of the rotor cavity. Y

.6. A "deviceffor the purpose indicated comprising a casing having aclosed cavity adapted to be filled with liquid; arotor insaid casing.having, a cavity communicating with and constituting;partv of thecavityof'the casing and open toward one inner side Wall of the casing,the opposite -side of the rotor .being seated on the opposite inner sidewall l -of the casing, the rotor being free to be pressed .toward-saidlast mentioned wall upon pressure-within therotor cavity vcommunicatedto the casing cavityy through the first mentioned openzside of therotor, the rotory having a steinac'cessible exteriorly of the casing foroscillatingthe rotor in the casing, and comprising also a partwhichpartitions the cavity-in-common ofthe rotor and the casing and which ismoved'in the oscillation of the rotor for-alternately venlarging andreducing vthe capacity of the two parts of said cavityiii-common which'it partitions from each other,v the structure comprising a passagerestricted lfor liquid flow between the partitioned parts; whereby uponactuation of the rotorv for 'shifting said lpartitioning member andforcing liquid from one side tothe lother thereof, the pressuredeveloped in the space from ywhich the liquid is being forced by rea-vson of therestriction ofthe flow operates for friction between the rotorand the casing wall against which it is seated. g l

7. In the construction defined in claim `(3, the restricted flow passagebeing formed 'eX- tended, intersecting aline longitudinal with respecttol the -rotor-operating stem,A and a valve set in through said stem andextcriorly operated for controlling said fluid passage.

8.y In the constructionfdefined inclaim 6, the sti'ucture comprisingrecesses in the fixed ative position .of the structure open" down-.wardly, whereby they form air traps in which Y* 9. In the constructiondefnedin claim 6,

the casing cavity comprising a space in eX- cess ofthe space of thecavity common to the casing androtor,.and the structure containing flowpassages, from said excess casing rotor-cavity5a1id check valves insaidv flow ly partitionedy portions of said cavity-and seating againstreverseow. t

10.,A device for thepurposefindicated comprising a casing having aclosed cavity adapted' to be filled with liquid; a rotor mounted foroscillation in the casing cavity having a ,-cavitywhich vis part of thecasing cavity partitioned from the remainder by the peripheral wall ofthe rotor, the casing and the rotor having parts rigid with themrespectively which co-operate to partition the rotor cav-ityintotwochambers adapted Vto'be reciprocally lenlarged and reduced by theoscillation of the rotor moving the partitioning part which it carriesrelatively to the partiy tioning part carried by the casing, saidpartitioning parts `having means of restricted liquid communicationbetween the two chambers which said parts partition from each other, andthe partitioning part carried by the casing being in the upper part ofthe rotor cavity and having recesses in its under side for trapping airabove the liquid in the rotor cavity 'for cushioning the action of therotor 1n its oscillation for driving the liquid fronronc of the rotorchambers to the other through said restricted communication. Y V

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Chicago, Illinois,this 12th day of January, 1928. 1 v

WALTER VAN GUILDER.

